🖋️ Chinese Formal & Written Style Vocabulary 书面语·正式表达

85 essential Mandarin Chinese words for the Formal & Written Style scene, each with pinyin, English meaning, HSK level and native speaker audio, plus example sentences. Tap 🔊 to listen.

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  进行 jìn xíng HSK 2

  to carry out; to conduct; to be in progress

  会议正在进行。huì yì zhèng zài jìn xíngThe meeting is in progress.
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  实现 shí xiàn HSK 2

  to realize; to achieve; to bring about

  他终于实现了自己的梦想。tā zhōng yú shí xiàn le zì jǐ de mèng xiǎngHe finally realized his own dream.
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  显示 xiǎn shì HSK 3

  to show; to display

  数据显示销量增加了。shù jù xiǎn shì xiāo liàng zēng jiā leThe data shows that sales have increased.
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  确保 què bǎo HSK 3

  to ensure; to guarantee

  我们要确保每个人都安全。wǒ men yào què bǎo měi ge rén dōu ān quánWe must ensure everyone is safe.
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  采取 cǎi qǔ HSK 3

  to adopt; to take (measures)

  政府采取了新的措施。zhèng fǔ cǎi qǔ le xīn de cuò shīThe government has adopted new measures.
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  表明 biǎo míng HSK 3

  to make clear; to indicate; to state clearly

  调查结果表明他是对的。diào chá jié guǒ biǎo míng tā shì duì deThe survey results indicate that he was right.
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  具有 jù yǒu HSK 3

  to have; to possess (a quality)

  这本书具有很高的价值。zhè běn shū jù yǒu hěn gāo de jià zhíThis book has great value.
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  结合 jié hé HSK 3

  to combine; to integrate; to link

  学习要结合实际才有用。xué xí yào jié hé shí jì cái yǒu yòngStudying must be combined with practice to be useful.
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  推进 tuī jìn HSK 3

  to advance; to push forward

  公司正在推进这个项目。gōng sī zhèng zài tuī jìn zhè ge xiàng mùThe company is pushing this project forward.
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  体现 tǐ xiàn HSK 3

  to embody; to reflect; to manifest

  这件事体现了他的责任心。zhè jiàn shì tǐ xiàn le tā de zé rèn xīnThis matter reflects his sense of responsibility.
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  实行 shí xíng HSK 3

  to implement; to carry out; to put into practice

  公司决定实行新的制度。gōng sī jué dìng shí xíng xīn de zhì dùThe company decided to implement a new system.
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  推动 tuī dòng HSK 3

  to push (forward); to promote; to give impetus to

  大家一起努力推动这个计划。dà jiā yì qǐ nǔ lì tuī dòng zhè ge jì huàEveryone works hard together to push this plan forward.
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  带动 dài dòng HSK 3

  to drive; to spur; to bring along

  旅游业带动了当地经济。lǚ yóu yè dài dòng le dāng dì jīng jìTourism has driven the local economy.
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  利用 lì yòng HSK 3

  to make use of; to utilize; to exploit

  我们要利用好这次机会。wǒ men yào lì yòng hǎo zhè cì jī huìWe must make good use of this opportunity.
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  发挥 fā huī HSK 4

  to bring into play; to give full play to; to display

  他在比赛中发挥得很出色。tā zài bǐ sài zhōng fā huī de hěn chū sèHe performed brilliantly in the competition.
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  实施 shí shī HSK 4

  to implement; to carry out; to put into effect

  新政策将从下月开始实施。xīn zhèng cè jiāng cóng xià yuè kāi shǐ shí shīThe new policy will be implemented starting next month.
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  依靠 yī kào HSK 4

  to rely on; to depend on

  成功不能只依靠运气。chéng gōng bù néng zhǐ yī kào yùn qiSuccess can't rely on luck alone.
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  作出 zuò chū HSK 4

  to make (a decision, choice); to produce

  他终于作出了最后的决定。tā zhōng yú zuò chū le zuì hòu de jué dìngHe finally made the final decision.
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  分为 fēn wéi HSK 4

  to divide into; to be divided into

  这本书分为三个部分。zhè běn shū fēn wéi sān ge bù fenThis book is divided into three parts.
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  离不开 lí bu kāi HSK 4

  cannot do without; inseparable from

  现代生活离不开手机。xiàn dài shēng huó lí bu kāi shǒu jīModern life cannot do without mobile phones.
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  依赖 yī lài HSK 6

  to depend on; to rely on

  孩子太依赖父母不是好事。hái zi tài yī lài fù mǔ bú shì hǎo shìIt's not good for a child to be too dependent on their parents.
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  含有 hán yǒu HSK 4

  to contain (a substance inside: sugar, vitamins)

  这种饮料含有很多糖。zhè zhǒng yǐn liào hán yǒu hěn duō tángThis kind of drink contains a lot of sugar.
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  分布 fēn bù HSK 4

  to be distributed; distribution

  这些工厂分布在全国各地。zhè xiē gōng chǎng fēn bù zài quán guó gè dìThese factories are distributed all over the country.
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  占据 zhàn jù HSK 6

  to occupy; to hold; to take up

  这张桌子占据了半个房间。zhè zhāng zhuō zi zhàn jù le bàn ge fáng jiānThis table takes up half the room.
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  专用 zhuān yòng HSK 6

  dedicated; for special use

  这个车位是残疾人专用的。zhè ge chē wèi shì cán jí rén zhuān yòng deThis parking space is reserved for the disabled.
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  深入 shēn rù HSK 3

  to go deep; thorough; in-depth

  老师对这个问题做了深入的讲解。lǎo shī duì zhè ge wèn tí zuò le shēn rù de jiǎng jiěThe teacher gave an in-depth explanation of this question.
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  面临 miàn lín HSK 4

  to face; to be confronted with

  我们正面临一个很大的困难。wǒ men zhèng miàn lín yí ge hěn dà de kùn nanWe are facing a very big difficulty.
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  运用 yùn yòng HSK 4

  to use; to apply; to put into practice

  他能灵活地运用所学的知识。tā néng líng huó de yùn yòng suǒ xué de zhī shiHe can flexibly apply the knowledge he has learned.
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  综合 zōng hé HSK 4

  to synthesize; comprehensive

  老师综合了大家的意见。lǎo shī zōng hé le dà jiā de yì jiànThe teacher integrated everyone's opinions.
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  概括 gài kuò HSK 4

  to summarize; to generalize

  请你简单概括一下内容。qǐng nǐ jiǎn dān gài kuò yí xià nèi róngPlease briefly summarize the content.
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  如下 rú xià HSK 5

  as follows

  这次会议的安排如下。zhè cì huì yì de ān pái rú xiàThe arrangements for this meeting are as follows.
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  构建 gòu jiàn HSK 6

  to construct; to build (sth abstract)

  我们要构建一个更公平的社会。wǒ men yào gòu jiàn yí gè gèng gōng píng de shè huìWe want to build a fairer society.
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  借鉴 jiè jiàn HSK 6

  to draw on; to learn from (others' experience)

  我们可以借鉴国外的先进经验。wǒ men kě yǐ jiè jiàn guó wài de xiān jìn jīng yànWe can draw on advanced experience from abroad.
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  此致 cǐ zhì HSK 6

  (letter closing) with this I convey (my respects)

  信的末尾写着此致敬礼。xìn de mò wěi xiě zhe cǐ zhì jìng lǐAt the end of the letter is written 'cizhi, with respect'.
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  正式 zhèng shì HSK 3

  formal; official

  这是一个正式的场合。zhè shì yí ge zhèng shì de chǎng héThis is a formal occasion.
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  相关 xiāng guān HSK 3

  related; relevant; interrelated

  这两件事是相关的。zhè liǎng jiàn shì shì xiāng guān deThese two matters are related.
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  表现 biǎo xiàn HSK 3

  to show; to display; performance; behavior

  他今天表现得很好。tā jīn tiān biǎo xiàn de hěn hǎoHe performed very well today.
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  显得 xiǎn de HSK 3

  to seem; to look; to appear

  这件衣服让你显得更年轻。zhè jiàn yī fu ràng nǐ xiǎn de gèng nián qīngThis outfit makes you look younger.
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  初步 chū bù HSK 3

  preliminary; initial; tentative

  我们已经有了初步的计划。wǒ men yǐ jīng yǒu le chū bù de jì huàWe already have a preliminary plan.
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  客观 kè guān HSK 3

  objective; impartial

  你应该客观地看这件事。nǐ yīng gāi kè guān de kàn zhè jiàn shìYou should look at this matter objectively.
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  完善 wán shàn HSK 3

  complete; well-developed; perfect

  这个城市的交通系统很完善。zhè ge chéng shì de jiāo tōng xì tǒng hěn wán shànThis city's transportation system is very well-developed.
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  规范 guī fàn HSK 3

  standard; proper; conforming to norms

  他写的字很规范，容易看懂。tā xiě de zì hěn guī fàn róng yì kàn dǒngHis handwriting is very standard and easy to read.
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  自主 zì zhǔ HSK 3

  independent; to act on one's own

  孩子应该学会自主学习。hái zi yīng gāi xué huì zì zhǔ xué xíChildren should learn to study independently.
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  处于 chǔ yú HSK 4

  to be in (a state or situation)

  公司现在处于困难时期。gōng sī xiàn zài chǔ yú kùn nán shí qīThe company is now in a difficult period.
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  统一 tǒng yī HSK 4

  to unify; unified; unified whole

  大家的意见终于统一了。dà jiā de yì jiàn zhōng yú tǒng yī leEveryone's opinions were finally unified.
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  具备 jù bèi HSK 4

  to possess; to have (conditions, qualities)

  他具备当经理的能力。tā jù bèi dāng jīng lǐ de néng lìHe possesses the ability to be a manager.
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  构成 gòu chéng HSK 4

  to constitute; to form; to make up

  水由氢和氧构成。shuǐ yóu qīng hé yǎng gòu chéngWater is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.
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  展现 zhǎn xiàn HSK 5

  to reveal; to display; to show; to unfold

  这次比赛让他展现了真正的实力。zhè cì bǐ sài ràng tā zhǎn xiàn le zhēn zhèng de shí lìThis competition let him show his true strength.
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  带有 dài yǒu HSK 5

  to have (a feature); to carry an element of

  他的话带有一点讽刺的味道tā de huà dài yǒu yì diǎn fěng cì de wèi dàoHis words carried a hint of sarcasm.
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  健全 jiàn quán HSK 5

  sound; robust; to perfect (a system)

  国家正在逐步健全相关法律制度guó jiā zhèng zài zhú bù jiàn quán xiāng guān fǎ lǜ zhì dùThe country is gradually improving the relevant legal system.
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  配备 pèi bèi HSK 5

  to equip; to provide; to outfit with

  每间教室都配备了电脑。měi jiān jiào shì dōu pèi bèi le diàn nǎoEvery classroom is equipped with computers.
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  正规 zhèng guī HSK 5

  regular; standard; formal; official

  他在一家正规的公司工作。tā zài yì jiā zhèng guī de gōng sī gōng zuòHe works at a proper, legitimate company.
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  主观 zhǔ guān HSK 5

  subjective

  你的判断太主观了。nǐ de pàn duàn tài zhǔ guān leYour judgment is too subjective.
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  配套 pèi tào HSK 5

  to form a complete set; matching; supporting; complementary

  这个小区的配套设施很完善。zhè ge xiǎo qū de pèi tào shè shī hěn wán shànThe supporting facilities of this residential area are very complete.
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  原有 yuán yǒu HSK 5

  original; former; pre-existing

  我们保留了原有的设计风格。wǒ men bǎo liú le yuán yǒu de shè jì fēng géWe kept the original design style.
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  切实 qiè shí HSK 6

  practical; earnest; conscientious

  政府应该采取切实的措施解决问题。zhèng fǔ yīng gāi cǎi qǔ qiè shí de cuò shī jiě jué wèn tíThe government should take practical measures to solve the problem.
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  采用 cǎi yòng HSK 3

  to adopt; to employ; to use

  公司决定采用我的方案。gōng sī jué dìng cǎi yòng wǒ de fāng ànThe company decided to adopt my proposal.
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  适用 shì yòng HSK 3

  to be applicable; suitable

  这条规定不适用于学生。zhè tiáo guī dìng bú shì yòng yú xué shengThis rule does not apply to students.
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  在于 zài yú HSK 4

  to lie in; to consist in; to depend on

  成功的关键在于坚持。chéng gōng de guān jiàn zài yú jiān chíThe key to success lies in perseverance.
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  包括 bāo kuò HSK 4

  to include; to comprise; to consist of

  费用包括住宿和早餐。fèi yòng bāo kuò zhù sù hé zǎo cānThe fee includes accommodation and breakfast.
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  维护 wéi hù HSK 4

  to safeguard; to protect; to uphold; to maintain

  我们每个人都要维护社会秩序。wǒ men měi ge rén dōu yào wéi hù shè huì zhì xùEvery one of us should uphold social order.
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  反映 fǎn yìng HSK 4

  to reflect; to report (a problem)

  这些数字反映了真实情况。zhè xiē shù zì fǎn yìng le zhēn shí qíng kuàngThese figures reflect the real situation.
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  被迫 bèi pò HSK 4

  to be forced; to be compelled

  他被迫放弃了这次机会。tā bèi pò fàng qì le zhè cì jī huìHe was forced to give up this opportunity.
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  包含 bāo hán HSK 4

  to include, comprise (items in a whole: price, report)

  这个价格包含了运费。zhè ge jià gé bāo hán le yùn fèiThis price includes the shipping fee.
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  用于 yòng yú HSK 5

  to be used for; to be used in

  这笔钱将用于帮助贫困学生。zhè bǐ qián jiāng yòng yú bāng zhù pín kùn xué shēngThis money will be used to help poor students.
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  用来 yòng lái HSK 5

  to be used for

  这个盒子是用来装工具的。zhè ge hé zi shì yòng lái zhuāng gōng jù deThis box is used to hold tools.
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  意味着 yì wèi zhe HSK 5

  to mean; to signify; to imply

  这意味着我们要重新开始。zhè yì wèi zhe wǒ men yào chóng xīn kāi shǐThis means we have to start over.
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  围绕 wéi rào HSK 5

  to revolve around; to center on

  会议围绕着环保问题展开讨论。huì yì wéi rào zhe huán bǎo wèn tí zhǎn kāi tǎo lùnThe meeting's discussion centered on environmental issues.
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  得以 dé yǐ HSK 5

  to be able to; so that (one) can

  问题终于得以解决。wèn tí zhōng yú dé yǐ jiě juéThe problem was finally able to be solved.
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  现有 xiàn yǒu HSK 5

  existing; currently available

  我们要充分利用现有的资源。wǒ men yào chōng fèn lì yòng xiàn yǒu de zī yuánWe should make full use of the existing resources.
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  相应 xiāng yìng HSK 5

  to correspond; corresponding; accordingly

  工资应随物价相应提高。gōng zī yīng suí wù jià xiāng yìng tí gāoWages should rise accordingly with prices.
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  加以 jiā yǐ HSK 5

  (before a disyllabic verb) to apply (an action) to

  这些问题必须加以解决。zhè xiē wèn tí bì xū jiā yǐ jiě juéThese problems must be solved.
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  有利于 yǒu lì yú HSK 5

  to be beneficial to; to be advantageous for

  多运动有利于身体健康。duō yùn dòng yǒu lì yú shēn tǐ jiàn kāngExercising more is beneficial to your health.
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  为主 wéi zhǔ HSK 5

  to give priority to; mainly; primarily

  这里的居民以农民为主。zhè lǐ de jū mín yǐ nóng mín wéi zhǔThe residents here are mainly farmers.
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  对应 duì yìng HSK 5

  to correspond (to); corresponding

  每个号码都对应一个座位。měi ge hào mǎ dōu duì yìng yí gè zuò wèiEach number corresponds to a seat.
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  便于 biàn yú HSK 5

  to be easy to; convenient for

  这种设计便于携带zhè zhǒng shè jì biàn yú xié dàiThis design is easy to carry.
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  制约 zhì yuē HSK 5

  to restrict; to condition

  资金问题制约了公司的发展zī jīn wèn tí zhì yuē le gōng sī de fā zhǎnThe funding problem restricted the company's development.
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  有关 yǒu guān HSK 6

  to be related to; concerning; relevant

  这次会议有关环境保护。zhè cì huì yì yǒu guān huán jìng bǎo hùThis meeting is about environmental protection.
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  涉及 shè jí HSK 6

  to involve; to touch upon; to relate to

  这个问题涉及很多方面。zhè ge wèn tí shè jí hěn duō fāng miànThis issue involves many aspects.
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  遭到 zāo dào HSK 6

  to suffer; to meet with (sth unfortunate); to encounter

  他的提议遭到了大家的反对。tā de tí yì zāo dào le dà jiā de fǎn duìHis proposal met with everyone's opposition.
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  无关 wú guān HSK 6

  unrelated; having nothing to do with

  这件事跟你无关，别担心。zhè jiàn shì gēn nǐ wú guān bié dān xīnThis matter has nothing to do with you, don't worry.
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  遭受 zāo shòu HSK 6

  to suffer; to sustain (loss, misfortune)

  这个地区遭受了严重的洪水灾害。zhè ge dì qū zāo shòu le yán zhòng de hóng shuǐ zāi hàiThis region suffered a severe flood disaster.
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  应对 yìng duì HSK 6

  to respond; to cope with; to deal with

  我们必须冷静应对突发情况。wǒ men bì xū lěng jìng yìng duì tū fā qíng kuàngWe must calmly deal with the emergency.
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  负 fù HSK 6

  to bear; to be defeated; negative

  他必须负全部责任。tā bì xū fù quán bù zé rènHe must bear full responsibility.
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  给予 jǐ yǔ HSK 6

  to give; to render; to grant

  公司给予员工很多支持。gōng sī jǐ yǔ yuán gōng hěn duō zhī chíThe company gives its employees a lot of support.

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