动态助词「了」（完成） dòngtài zhùcí "le"
动态助词「了」（完成）（dòngtài zhùcí "le"）means “Verb + 了: marks a completed / realized action”. 了 after a verb marks that the action is completed or has happened. Formation: 动词 + 了（动作完成/实现）
Verb + 了: marks a completed / realized action
HSK1Formation
动词 + 了（动作完成/实现）
Explanation
了 after a verb marks that the action is completed or has happened. It is NOT simply a past tense — it marks completion, often with a quantity object (买了三本书). Negate with 没(有) and drop 了: 没买.
Examples
我 买了 一件衣服。
wǒ mǎi le yí jiàn yīfu.
I bought an item of clothing.
他昨天 来了。
tā zuótiān lái le.
He came yesterday.
Note
Negative drops 了: ❌ 我没买了 ✅ 我没买.
FAQ
动态助词「了」（完成） — what does it mean and how is it used?
Verb + 了: marks a completed / realized action. 了 after a verb marks that the action is completed or has happened. It is NOT simply a past tense — it marks completion, often with a quantity object (买了三本书). Negate with 没(有) and drop 了: 没买.
动态助词「了」（完成） — how do you form it?
动词 + 了（动作完成/实现）
动态助词「了」（完成） — any usage notes?
Negative drops 了: ❌ 我没买了 ✅ 我没买.