HSK 4 Grammar
Complete list of HSK 4 Grammar points with meaning, formation, examples and audio. Tap any point for a full explanation.
- 只有…才… only if… (then and only then)…: the unique necessary condition
- 无论/不管…都… no matter (what/how)…, still…: the result holds regardless
- 「按照 / 根据」 按照 / 根据: according to / based on (a standard, rule, or basis)
- 使 cause/make: formal causative 使
- 即使…也… even if… still…
- 就算…也… even if… still… (colloquial)
- 尽管…还是/但… although… still/but… (written)
- 万一…(就)… in case… / if by any chance…
- 既然…就… since / now that… then…
- 由于…(所以)… because; since (introduces a reason, formal/written)
- 因此 / 因而 therefore; thus; as a result (formal 'so')
- 既…又… both... and... (two qualities or situations at once)
- 不是…就是… if not... then...; either... or... (it must be one of the two)
- V下来 an action brings something from motion to rest, or fixes/records a result
- 受得了 / 受不了 potential complement 得了/不了: able or unable to endure/manage something
- A来A去 'A 来 A 去' expresses a repeated, back-and-forth action
- 大约/大概 about; approximately; roughly
- 几乎 almost; nearly; practically
- 稍微 slightly; a little
- 甚至 even; go so far as to
- 原来 so it turns out; originally
- 到底 after all; on earth (in questions)
- 难道…吗 could it be that…? (rhetorical)
- 恐怕 I'm afraid; probably (worried guess)
- 只好 have no choice but to; be forced to
- 数词+来 about; approximately (with round numbers)
- 各 each; various; respective
- 倍 -fold; times (multiples)
- …之一 one of
- 对于 对于 = 'regarding, as for' — introduces the topic/target one has an attitude toward
- 通过 通过 = 'through, by means of / via' — the means or channel by which something is achieved
- 由 由 = 'by' — marks the agent who takes charge, decides, or performs an action
- 朝 朝 = 'towards, facing' — the direction or person an action is aimed at
- 自从 自从 = 'since, ever since' — marks a past starting point of a situation that continues
- 形容词重叠 Reduplicating an adjective makes a description more vivid and emphatic.
- 再…也… "No matter how... (still)..." — the result holds despite any degree.
- 不是…吗 "Isn't it...?" — a rhetorical question seeking confirmation.
- 对…来说 "as for... / from the perspective of..." — introduces whose viewpoint.
- 于是 so; thereupon — introduces the result or next action naturally following what was just said
- 接着 then; next; right after — introduces the action or event that immediately follows
- 另外 besides; in addition — adds another point or opens a separate topic
- 首先……其次…… first... second... — lists points or steps in order
- 再说 再说: 'besides / what's more' (colloquial), adds a reason
- 不然 不然: 'otherwise / or else'
- 至少 至少: 'at least' (minimum amount or fallback)
- 说不定 说不定: maybe, perhaps; who knows (it might well be that…)
- 值得 be worth (doing) / deserve
- V得/不+趋向补语 Potential complement with a directional: V + 得/不 + direction says whether the action can (得) or cannot (不) reach that direction or result.
- V上 V + 上: resultative 上 marks bringing together or shut (关上), attaching or reaching a goal (考上), or the start of an ongoing state (爱上).
- V掉 V + 掉: resultative 掉 marks removal or the completed disappearance of the object — 扔掉 'throw away', 忘掉 'forget', 改掉 'get rid of (a habit)'.
- 想起来 想起来: to call something back to mind (recall), often suddenly; the negative potential 想不起来 means 'can't recall'.
- V/A 得 + 程度补语 V/A + 得 + complement: 得 links a verb or adjective to a phrase describing the degree or result — 热得满头大汗 'so hot as to sweat all over'.
- 双「了」句（持续） V了 + duration + 了: an action has lasted so far and still continues
- 「会……的」 会…的: emphatic certainty about the future — 'will definitely…'
- 附加问「……，好吗 / 行吗 / 对吧」 Tag question: state something, then add 好吗/行吗 (seek consent) or 对吧 (seek confirmation)
- 「啦」（了＋啊 合音） 啦 = 了 + 啊 fused: marks a change while adding a lively, cheerful tone
- 据 / 据说 据 'according to' introduces a source of information; 据说 'it is said'
- 靠 靠 'to rely on / to lean against / by' marks support, reliance, or position
- 属于 属于: to belong to (a category), to be part of / owned by
- …以上 / …以下 …以上 / …以下: (a number) or more / or fewer
- 差(一)点儿(没) 差(一)点儿(没): almost, nearly (came close to happening)
- 买得起／买不起 can / cannot afford (to buy) something
- V得了／V不了 can / cannot manage to do (complete) something
- 来得及／来不及 to be in time / too late; there is / isn't enough time
- 以为 以为: (mistakenly) think/assume — turns out not to be so
- A 不如 B A is not as good as B / A is inferior to B
- 结果 As a result / in the end (introducing an outcome)
- 千万 千万: by all means / be sure (to not) — urgent reminder, usually with 别/不要
- 尽量 尽量: as much as possible / do one's best to
- 尽快 尽快: as soon as possible / as fast as one can
- 赶紧 / 赶快 赶紧/赶快: hurry up and (do) / quickly, right away
- 顺便 顺便: while you're at it / on the way, do (something else) too